In general, Cognitive Delay is signified by notably lower-than-average intellectual functioning as defined by the intelligence quotient (IQ). It is estimated that approximately one percent of the general population is affected by Cognitive Delay. Even though the term "Cognitive Delay" is used here, the Diagnositc and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) describes this disorder as "mental retardation," which in no way is meant to be a derogatory term.
According to the DSM-IV-TR, three criteria must be present in order to support a diagnosis of Mild to Severe Cognitive Delay. The first requirement is significantly below-average general intellectual functioning. General intellectual functioning is defined by the intelligence quotient (IQ), measured by standardized tests such as Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children–Revised, Stanford-Binet, etc. In general, these tests may have a measurement error of approximately 5 points. An IQ of 115 is considered average. Borderline intellectual functioning means an IQ in the 71-84 range. Degrees of Cognitive Delays are defined as follows:
- Mild = IQ in the range of 50-55 to approximately 70
- Moderate = IQ in the range of 35-40 to 50-55
- Severe = IQ in the range of 20-25 to 35-40
- Profound = IQ below 20 or 25
Secondly, significant limitations in adaptive functioning in at least two of the following skill areas must be present:
- communication
- self-care
- home living
- social/Interpersonal skills
- use of community resources
- self-direction
- functional academic skills
- work
- leisure
- health
- safety
Finally, the third criterion is an onset prior to 18 years of age.
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The specific cause of Cognitive Delay is unknown in approximately 30-40% of the cases. According to the DSM-IV-TR, approximately 5% of the cases are attributed to heredity. Early alterations of embryonic development account for approximately 30% of cases. Approximately 10% of the cases are caused by problems during pregnancy or at the time of birth. General medical conditions (such as infections or trauma) acquired in infancy or childhood account for approximately 5% of those diagnosed with Cognitive Delay. Finally, it has been found that approximately 15-20% of Cognitive Delays are caused by environmental influences (such as lack of nurturing and social or language stimulation) and other mental disorders (such as Autistic Disorder).
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At IDTC, our treatment team considers the strengths and needs of each child in order to develop an individual treatment plan. The individual treatment plan emphasizes communication, decision making, self-concept and self-esteem, social skills and functional skills. We use education, training and program methods to enhance each individual's adaptive functioning. Adaptive functioning refers to how effectively individuals cope with common life demands and how well they meet the standards of personal independence expected of someone in their particular age group, sociocultural background and community settings. Adaptive functioning can be influenced by various factors including educational, motivational, personal characterisitcs, social and vocational opportunities and the mental disorders and general medical conditions that may coexist with Cognitive Delay.
The staff at IDTC recognize that each child is unique with individual strengths and needs. Our priority is always the well being of each child. If we find that IDTC cannot offer the very best care and services for your child, we are happy to help facilitate placement in another facility.
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Feel free to contact us if you have any specific questions or would simply like more information or resources.
E-Mail (please click on the link): Catharine Crockett, Admissions
Phone: 1-317-815-0505
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The Arc
American Association on Mental Retardation (AAMR)
The National Association for the Dually Diagnosed (NADD)
National Council on Disability
Genetic Alliance
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This information is provided as a general overview only and is not intended as medical advice. This information should not be used to diagnose or treat any health problem, disease or medical condition. It is not provided as a substitute for professional care. If you have any health concerns, please consult the health care provider of your choice.
© Copyright 2005 Indiana Developmental Training Center LLC
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